Where should we go? Durable solutions for remaining IDPs in Iraq

Executive summary

At the height of the conflict with the Islamic State, Iraq saw over 6 million people displaced. Around 2.8 million people have since returned home yet returns do not necessarily signify durable solutions to displacement. A substantial number of people who have returned home still face challenges and obstacles and are unable to rebuild their lives, largely due to insufficient support and a lack of rehabilitation in areas of origin.

In addition, there remain 1.1 million people displaced across Iraq, unable or unwilling to return home due to myriad reasons, including security concerns, lack of livelihood opportunities and lack of access to basic services. Despite concerted efforts, the rate of returns has slowed significantly and there is evidence of secondary displacement among those who have returned home.

While IDP camps in Federal Iraq were closed between 2020 and 2021, and plans are underway to close camps in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in mid-2024, significant challenges persist for the remaining IDPs.

As Iraq shifts to development-focused responses, IDPs struggle with local integration, education access, and government aid. Bureaucratic issues also hinder their freedom of movement. Sustainable solutions need an approach that go beyond return, and must also include support for local integration and relocation to another area within Iraq.

This report analyses the barriers to durable solutions, especially for those living in informal settlements, and emphasises the need for better resettlement and integration strategies. The report's recommendations aim to improve coordination among NGOs, the Iraqi government, the UN, and international stakeholders to support remaining IDPs effectively.

This report was written by DRC, DIRC, and NRC, with support from the European Commission Humanitarian Aid (ECHO).